[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":759},["ShallowReactive",2],{"/en-us/blog/sha256-support-in-gitaly":3,"navigation-en-us":37,"banner-en-us":463,"footer-en-us":480,"John Cai":725,"next-steps-en-us":738,"footer-source-/en-us/blog/sha256-support-in-gitaly/":753},{"_path":4,"_dir":5,"_draft":6,"_partial":6,"_locale":7,"seo":8,"content":16,"config":26,"_id":30,"_type":31,"title":32,"_source":33,"_file":34,"_stem":35,"_extension":36},"/en-us/blog/sha256-support-in-gitaly","blog",false,"",{"title":9,"description":10,"ogTitle":9,"ogDescription":10,"noIndex":6,"ogImage":11,"ogUrl":12,"ogSiteName":13,"ogType":14,"canonicalUrls":12,"schema":15},"GitLab Gitaly project now supports the SHA 256 hashing algorithm","Gitaly now supports SHA-256 repositories. Here's why it matters.","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1749667792/Blog/Hero%20Images/git-241.jpg","https://about.gitlab.com/blog/sha256-support-in-gitaly","https://about.gitlab.com","article","\n                        {\n        \"@context\": \"https://schema.org\",\n        \"@type\": \"Article\",\n        \"headline\": \"GitLab Gitaly project now supports the SHA 256 hashing algorithm\",\n        \"author\": [{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"John Cai\"}],\n        \"datePublished\": \"2023-08-28\",\n      }",{"title":9,"description":10,"authors":17,"heroImage":11,"date":19,"body":20,"category":21,"tags":22},[18],"John Cai","2023-08-28","\nWe've taken a huge step in SHA-256 support in GitLab: The [Gitaly](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly) project now fully supports SHA-256 repositories. While there is [still some work](https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/10981) we need to do in other parts of the GitLab application before SHA-256 repositories can be used, this milestone is important.\n\n## What is SHA-256?\nSHA-256 is a [hashing algorithm](https://handbook.gitlab.com/handbook/security/policies_and_standards/cryptographic-standard/#algorithmic-standards). Given an input of data, it produces a fixed-length hash of 64 characters with hexadecimal digits. Git uses hashing algorithms to generate IDs for commits and other Git objects such as blobs,\ntrees, and tags.\n\nGit uses the SHA-1 algorithm by default. If you've ever used Git, you know that\ncommit IDs are a bunch of hexademical digits. A `git log` command yields\nsomething like the following:\n\n```\ncommit bcd64dba39c90daee2e1e8d9015809b992174e34 (HEAD -> main, origin/main, origin/HEAD)\nAuthor: John Cai \u003Cjcai@gitlab.com>\nDate:   Wed Jul 26 13:41:34 2023 -0400\n\n    Fix README.md\n```\n\nThe `bcd64dba39c90daee2e1e8d9015809b992174e34` is the ID of the commit and is a\n40-character hash generated by using the SHA-1 hashing algorithm.\n\nIn SHA-256 repositories, everything is the same except, instead of a 40-character\nID, it's now a 64-character ID:\n\n```\ncommit e60501431d52f6d06b4749cf205b0dd09141ea0b3155a45b9246df24eee9b97b (HEAD -> master)\nAuthor: John Cai \u003Cjcai@gitlab.com>\nDate:   Fri Jul 7 12:56:52 2023 -0400\n\n    Fix README.md\n```\n\n### Why SHA-256?\nSHA-1, which has been the algorithm that has been used until now in Git, is\ninsecure. In 2017, [Google was able to produce a hash collision](https://security.googleblog.com/2017/02/announcing-first-sha1-collision.html). While the Git project is not yet impacted by these kinds of attacks due to the\nway it stores objects, it is only a matter of time until new attacks on SHA-1\nwill be found that would also impact Git.\n\nFederal regulations such as NIST and CISA [guidelines](https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/hash-functions/nist-policy-on-hash-functions),\nwhich [FedRamp](https://www.fedramp.gov/) enforces, set a due date in 2030 to\nstop using SHA-1, and encourage agencies to move away from it sooner if\npossible.\n\nIn addition, SHA-256 has been labeled experimental in the Git project for a long time,\nbut as of Git 2.42.0, the project has decided to [remove the experimental label](https://github.com/git/git/blob/master/Documentation/RelNotes/2.42.0.txt#L41-L45).\n\n### What does this mean for developers?\nFrom a usability perspective, SHA-256 and SHA-1 repositories really don't have a\nsignificant difference. For personal projects, SHA-1 is probably fine. However,\ncompanies and organizations are likely to switch to using SHA-256 repositories\nfor security reasons.\n\n### See SHA-256 in action\nIf you have `sha256sum(1)` installed, you can generate such a hash on the command line:\n\n```\n> printf '%s' \"please hash this data\" | sha256sum\n62f73749b40cc70f453320e1ffc37e405ba50474b5db68ad436e64b61fbb8cf0  -\n```\n\nWe can also see this in action in a Git repository. Let's create a repository,\nadd an initial commit, and inspect the contents of the commit object. **Note:** If\nyou try this yourself, the commit IDs will be different because the date of the\ncommit is part of the hash calculation.\n\n```\n> git init test-repo\n> cd test-repo\n> echo \"This is a README\" >README.md\n> git add .\n> git commit -m \"README\"\n[main (root-commit) 328b61f] README\n 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)\n create mode 100644 README.md\n> zlib-flate -uncompress \u003C ./git/objects/32/8b61f2449205870f69b5981f58bd8cdbb22f95\ncommit 159tree 09303be712bd8e923f9b227c8522257fa32ca7dc\nauthor John Cai \u003Cjcai@gitlab.com> 1688748132 -0400\ncommitter John Cai \u003Cjcai@gitlab.com> 1688748132 -0400\n\nREADME\n```\n\nIn the last step, we uncompress the actual commit file on disk. Git zlib compresses object\nfiles before storing them on disk.\n\n`zlib-flate(1)` is a utility that comes packaed with `qpdf` that uncompresses zlib compressed files.\n\nNow, if we feed this data back into the SHA-1 algorithm, we get a predictable result:\n\n```\n> zlib-flate -uncompress \u003C .git/objects/32/8b61f2449205870f69b5981f58bd8cdbb22f95 | sha1sum\n328b61f2449205870f69b5981f58bd8cdbb22f95  -\n```\n\nAs we can see, the result of this is the commit ID.\n\nThe recommendation by NIST was to replace SHA-1 with SHA-2 or SHA-3. The\nGit project has [undergone this effort](https://git-scm.com/docs/hash-function-transition/),\nand the current state of the feature is that it's fully usable in Git and no\nlonger deemed experimental.\n\nIn fact, you can create and use repositories with SHA-256 as the hashing algorithm\nto see it in action on your local machine:\n\n```\n> git init --object-format=sha256 test-repo\n> cd test-repo\n> echo \"This is a README\" >README.md\n> git add .\n> git commit -m \"README\"\n[main (root-commit) e605014] README\n 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)\n create mode 100644 README.md\n> git log\ncommit e60501431d52f6d06b4749cf205b0dd09141ea0b3155a45b9246df24eee9b97b (HEAD -> master)\nAuthor: John Cai \u003Cjcai@gitlab.com>\nDate:   Fri Jul 7 12:56:52 2023 -0400\n\n    README\n\n```\n\n","news",[23,21,24,25],"git","open source","community",{"slug":27,"featured":28,"template":29},"sha256-support-in-gitaly",true,"BlogPost","content:en-us:blog:sha256-support-in-gitaly.yml","yaml","Sha256 Support 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